We initiate a walk in the world of English
UNIT 1
IMPERATIVES (FORM NEGATIVE TOO)
IMPERATIVOS = órdenes... ¡pero también peticiones! (sólo tienes que añadir "please"
)
también se usa para:
- invitaciones,
- instrucciones,
- avisos y advertencias,
- consejos...
AFFIRMATIVE
Verb in infinitive (without “to”) + complement.
Ejemplos:
- Sit down! = ¡siéntate!
- Come with me! = ¡ven conmigo!
- Do it now! = ¡hazlo ahora!
- Close the door! = ¡cierra la puerta!
- Open the window! = ¡abre la ventana!
NEGATIVE
DON´T + verb in infinitive (without “to”) + complement.
Ejemplos:
- Don´t sit down! = ¡no te sientes!
- Don´t come with me! = ¡no vengas conmigo!
- Don´t do it now! = ¡no lo hagas ahora!
- Don´t close the door! = ¡no cierres la puerta!
- Don´t open the window! = ¡no abras la ventana!
Imperatives
| En forma afirmativa | |
|---|---|
| Come hereVen aquí | Don't cross the street No cruces la calle |
| Go there Ve allí | Don't say that No digas eso |
| Open the door Abre la puerta | Don't be so mean No seas tan malo |
| Leave me alone Déjame solo | Don't fight No pelées |
| Turn on the TV Enciende el televisor | Don't drink so much No tomes tanto |
| Turn off the radio Apága la radio | Don't invite so many people No invites a tantas personas |
| Be careful Sé cuidadoso | Don't make noise No hagas ruido |
| Let me see that Déjame ver eso | Don't interrupt No interrumpas |
| Call me up Llámame por teléfono | Don't drive so fastNo conduzcas tan rápido |
| Finish that report Termina ese informe | Don't be late No llegues tarde |
| Sit down Siéntate | Don't come so early No vengas tan temprano |
| Stand up Levántate | Don't buy so many things No compres tantas cosas |
video
unit 2
answer forms in the past tense: yes/no and wh- questions and affirmative/negative answers
Simple Past Tense
English Grammar
The Simple Past Tense, often just called the Past Tense, is easy to use in English.
If you already know how to use the Present Tense, then the Past Tense will be easy.
In general, the Past Tense is used to talk about something that started and finished at a definite time in the past.
How to form the Past Tense in English
The main rule is that for every verb in English, there is only one form of it in the past tense.
(The exception is the Past tense of To Be, which has two forms: was and were)
(The exception is the Past tense of To Be, which has two forms: was and were)
This is totally different from other languages such as Spanish, French, Italian etc. where you change the verb ending for every subject.
For example: The past tense of the verb want is wanted.
Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.
Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.
- I wanted
- You wanted
- He wanted
- She wanted
- It wanted
- We wanted
- They wanted
So you just have to learn one word to be able to use it in the past tense. In this case we just needed to learn the one word wanted which can be used for all subjects (or people).
Past Tense Regular Verbs
To change a regular verb into its past tense form, we normally add –ED to the end of the verb.
- play – played
- cook – cooked
- rain – rained
- wait – waited
There are some exceptions with a slight change in spelling which you can see here:
Spelling of words ending in ED.
Spelling of words ending in ED.
Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the past tense
- Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.
- She kissed me on the cheek.
- It rained yesterday.
- Angela watched TV all night.
- John wanted to go to the museum.
Note: There are three different ways of pronouncing the –ed at the end of a verb in the past tense.
We recommend reading our guide about the pronunciation of –ED at the end of words.
We recommend reading our guide about the pronunciation of –ED at the end of words.
Negative sentences in the Past Tense
We use didn't (did not) to make a negative sentence in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)
Compare the following:
Present: They don't live in Canada.
Past: They didn't live in Canada.
Past: They didn't live in Canada.
The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The auxiliary DIDN'T shows that the sentence is negative AND in the past tense.
NOTICE: The only difference between a negative sentence in the present tense and a negative sentence in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both don't and doesn't in the present tense become didn't in the past tense.
Compare the negative sentences in the examples below:
Present: You don't need a mechanic.
Past: You didn't need a mechanic.
Past: You didn't need a mechanic.
Present: You don't walk to work.
Past: You didn't walk to work.
Past: You didn't walk to work.
Present: He doesn't speak Japanese.
Past: He didn't speak Japanese.
Past: He didn't speak Japanese.
Examples of negative sentences in the Past Tense
- I didn't want to go to the dentist.
- She didn't have time.
- You didn't close the door.
- He didn't come to my party.
- They didn't study so they didn't pass the test.
- We didn't sleep well last night.
Questions in the Past Tense
We use did to make a question in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)
Compare the following:
Present: Do they live in France?
Past: Did they live in France?
Past: Did they live in France?
The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The auxiliary DID shows that the question is in the past tense.
NOTICE: The only difference between a question in the present tense and a question in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both Do and Does in present tense questions become Didn't in past tense questions.
Both Do and Does in present tense questions become Didn't in past tense questions.
Compare the questions in the examples below:
Present: Do you need a doctor?
Past: Did you need a doctor?
Past: Did you need a doctor?
Present: Do you ride your bike to work?
Past: Did you ride your bike to work?
Past: Did you ride your bike to work?
Present: Does he live in Italy?
Past: Did he live in Italy?
Past: Did he live in Italy?
We can also use a question word (Who, What, Why etc.) before DID to ask for more information.
- Did you study? – Yes, I did.
- When did you study? – I studied last night.
- Where did you study? – I studied at the library.
Read more about short answers in the past tense.
Examples of Questions in the Past Tense
- Did you go to work yesterday?
- Did they arrive on time?
- Did she like the surprise?
- Where did she go?
- What did you do yesterday?
- What did you say? - I didn't say anything.
- Why did we have to come?
Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense
Irregular verbs are ONLY irregular in affirmative/positive sentences.
(An exception to this is with the verb TO BE in the Past Tense).
(An exception to this is with the verb TO BE in the Past Tense).
For example: The past tense of GO is WENT.
It does not end in –ED so it is considered irregular.
It does not end in –ED so it is considered irregular.
The word went is used for all subjects – I, you, we, they, he, she, it.
- I went to the beach
- He went to the park.
- She went to the zoo.
- They went to the library.
BUT, as we mentioned before, it is only in its irregular form (went) in sentences that are affirmative/positive.
Compare the following using GO in the past tense.
- They went to the beach
- They didn't go to the beach --- Didn't shows that we are talking in the past tense.
- Did they go to the beach? --- Did shows that we are talking in the past tense.
Another example with an irregular verb.
The past of EAT is ATE.
The past of EAT is ATE.
- You ate my cake.
- You didn't eat my cake.
- Did you eat my cake?
VIDEO
unit 3
Make Wh-questions with can

Estas palabras son conocidas como question words (palabras para hacer preguntas) owh- words (palabras con wh-). Nos permiten preguntar dónde está un sitio (where), averiguar cuándo paso algo (when), saber quién hizo algo (who), qué hizo (what) y por qué lo hizo (why).
ESTRUCTURA de las PREGUNTAS CON WH-
Las preguntas en inglés pueden ser desde cortas y simples hasta largas y gramaticalmente complejas. En todos los casos, las preguntas que empiezan conwh- words, sin importar cuán complejas sean, obedecen a la misma estructura: primero se escribe la palabra con wh-, después se escribe un verbo, después se formula el resto de la pregunta. En inglés no existe este símbolo (¿), así que las preguntas en inglés nunca se abren, sólo se cierran. Aprende más inglés para principiantes.
ESTRUCTURA:
palabra wh- + verbo + resto de la pregunta
Ejemplos sencillos
(1) Where is the cat? (¿Dónde está el gato?)
- Where: palabra wh- (dónde)
- is: verbo (está)
- the cat: resto de la pregunta, en este caso el objeto directo (el gato)
(2) When do we play? (¿Cuándo jugamos?)
- When: wh- (cuándo)
- do: verbo auxiliar
- we play: resto de la pregunta, en este caso el pronombre we (nosotros) y el verbo principal play (jugar).
En (1) y (2) observamos una palabra con wh- seguida por un verbo. La frase (1) tiene un solo verbo, necesariamente el verbo principal. La frase (2) tiene 2 verbos, el verbo auxiliardo y el verbo principal play. Lee más sobre verbos auxiliares.
ESTRUCTURA:
palabra wh- + verbo + resto de la pregunta
Ejemplos sencillos
(1) Where is the cat? (¿Dónde está el gato?)
- Where: palabra wh- (dónde)
- is: verbo (está)
- the cat: resto de la pregunta, en este caso el objeto directo (el gato)
(2) When do we play? (¿Cuándo jugamos?)
- When: wh- (cuándo)
- do: verbo auxiliar
- we play: resto de la pregunta, en este caso el pronombre we (nosotros) y el verbo principal play (jugar).
En (1) y (2) observamos una palabra con wh- seguida por un verbo. La frase (1) tiene un solo verbo, necesariamente el verbo principal. La frase (2) tiene 2 verbos, el verbo auxiliardo y el verbo principal play. Lee más sobre verbos auxiliares.
WHERE (Dónde)
Where quiere decir "dónde", de modo que con where formularemos preguntas de lugar.Ejemplos de preguntas y respuestas que empiezan con where
- Mexico is in North America. (México está en Norte América)
- I want to go shopping. (-Yo- quiero ir de compras)
- It's next to the bedroom. (Está al lado de la habitación)
Escucha cómo se pronuncia where
Escucha la pronunciación de la pregunta: Where do you live? (¿Dónde vives?)
WHEN (Cuándo)
When quiere decir "cuándo", de modo que con when formularemos preguntas de tiempo. Te interesará éste artículos si te preguntas cuándo se debe acentuar "cuándo"Ejemplos de preguntas y respuestas que empiezan con when
- The party is on September 7. (La fiesta es el 7 de septiembre)
- In a week. (en una semana)
- I will go to Puerto Rico next month. (Iré a Puerto Rico el mes que viene)
Escucha cómo se pronuncia when
Escucha la pronunciación de la pregunta: When's your birthday? (¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?)
WHO (Quién)
Who quiere decir "quién", de modo que con who formularemos preguntas para conocer la identidad de una persona.Ejemplos de preguntas y respuestas que empiezan con who
- The president is Barack Obama. (El presidente es Barack Obama)
- I'm calling Michael. (Estoy llamando a Michael)
- With my sister. (Con mi hermana)
Escucha cómo se pronuncia who
Escucha la pronunciación de la pregunta: Who are your friends? (¿Quiénes son tus amigos?)
WHAT (Qué)
What quiere decir "qué". Con whatpodemos formular preguntas como ¿Qué hora es?, ¿Qué quieres comer?, etc.Ejemplos de preguntas y respuestas que empiezan con what
- I want some pizza. (Quiero algo de pizza)
- It's a clock. (Es un reloj)
- My name is Gisela. (Me llamo Gisela)
*La traducción literal, palabra por palabra, sería "qué es tu nombre", pero en español esa expresión no tiene ningún sentido. Leer más sobre traducción.
Escucha cómo se pronuncia what
Escucha la pronunciación de la pregunta: What are you doing? (¿Qué estás haciendo?)
WHY (Por qué)
Why quiere decir "por qué". Con why nos preguntaremos sobre la finalidad, la causa o el motivo por el que ocurren las cosas.Ejemplos de preguntas y respuestas que empiezan con why
- Because I want to. (Porque quiero)
- I don't know. (No lo sé)
- Because I like to enjoy the silence. (Porque me gusta disfrutar del silencio)
Como hemos visto en los ejemplos, because, significa "porque" y sirve para introducir nuestras respuestas a las preguntas que empiezan con why.
EXCERCISES
Complete these sentences using the correct ‘Wh…’ word.
- ___ school did you go to?
- ___ old are you?
- ___ did you go last night?
- ___ didn't you go to Steve's party?
- ___ wife is called Amanda?
- ___ do you start university?
- ___ do you call a 'spoon' in Spanish?
video
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